A cancer diagnosis in children is one of the most heartbreaking experiences a parent can face. While most childhood cancers are not directly inherited, recent research has shed light on the role genetics play in the development of cancer in young patients.
In an interview with HT Lifestyle, Dr. Intizar Mehdi, Director and Head of the Department of Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant at HCG Cancer Centre in Bengaluru, emphasized that although childhood cancers are rare, they can be just as devastating.
Common Types of Childhood Cancer
Dr. Mehdi explained, “Common types of childhood cancer include leukemia, lymphoma, brain tumors, neuroblastoma, Wilms tumor, and bone tumors. Unlike adult cancers, which are often linked to environmental factors or lifestyle choices, childhood cancers tend to have different origins, sometimes involving genetic factors.”
The Genetic Link to Childhood Cancer
Genetics can play a significant role in the development of childhood cancer. Dr. Mehdi stated, “In children, certain genetic mutations or hereditary conditions can increase the risk of developing cancer. In most cases, these cancers are not passed directly from parent to child, but rather result from spontaneous genetic mutations. However, some children do inherit genetic mutations that make them more susceptible to specific types of cancer.”
The Role of Genetic Testing
Genetic testing can be crucial in identifying children at higher risk for cancer. “Through a simple blood test, doctors can detect inherited genetic mutations and gain a deeper understanding of a child’s cancer risk,” Dr. Mehdi said.
He added, “If a child has a family history of cancer or shows signs of a hereditary syndrome, genetic screening can support early and appropriate medical decision-making.”
Precision Medicine Through Genomic Science
The advancements in genomic science have revolutionized the understanding of childhood cancer by analyzing both the child’s and the tumor’s genetic makeup. According to Dr. Mehdi, “Identifying the genetic profile of a tumor enables a more accurate diagnosis and allows for customized treatments that target specific mutations. This not only increases the effectiveness of therapy but also reduces unnecessary interventions.”
Early detection through genetic testing also enables close monitoring and timely medical interventions for children at higher risk, ultimately leading to better outcomes.
Final Thoughts for Parents
It’s essential for parents to understand that the majority of childhood cancers are not directly inherited. Nevertheless, some genetic conditions can increase a child’s risk. Early detection through genetic screening can help identify these potential risks and guide appropriate preventive or treatment strategies.
By embracing the power of genetic science, healthcare professionals can offer children with cancer a brighter, more hopeful future through personalized and targeted care.
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